A teenager who has never attended a city council meeting, never written a letter to an elected official, never knocked on doors for a candidate, shares a post about climate policy to her three hundred followers, signs an online petition that takes fifteen seconds, and joins a Facebook group dedicated to environmental action, her civic participation having occurred entirely through devices she carries in her pocket, the question of whether what she has done constitutes meaningful engagement or merely its simulation being one she has never considered because the distinction between online exp