A person clicks "I agree" to access a website, having read none of the 8,000-word privacy policy and terms of service governing their interaction. Another user carefully reviews every permission request, adjusting settings to minimize data sharing, only to discover the app collects information through mechanisms those settings do not control. Someone provides enthusiastic consent to share photos with friends on a platform, never imagining those images would train AI models, feed advertising systems, or persist in backups long after deletion.